used to form instance nouns from verb stems

klacken + -s → Klacks

regionalused to form paragogic byforms of nouns describing a mass

Zeug + -s → Zeugs

Used to form the plurals of some nouns.

Used to form the plurals of personal names, particularly family names.

Used to form adverbs from nouns

der Tag (“the day”) + -s → tags (“in the daytime”)

Sometimes used to form adverbs from adjectives

bereit (“ready”) + -s → bereits (“already”)