# -e

-e is a German suffix meaning “used to form nouns from adjectives, sometimes with umlaut of the root vowel; the nouns express the quality of the adjective”.

## In other languages

- Русский: суффикс множественного числа

## Suffix

1. used to form nouns from adjectives, sometimes with umlaut of the root vowel; the nouns express the quality of the adjective
   - stark (“strong”) + -e → Stärke (“strength”)

## Suffix

1. forms instrument nouns
   - anzeigen (“to display, indicate”) + -e → Anzeige (“display, advert”)
2. _colloquial_ forms action nouns
   - abzocken (“to rip off”) + -e → Abzocke (“rip-off”)
3. _colloquial_ used to form two-syllable clippings from feminine nouns
   - Frisur (“haircut”) + -e → Frise

## Suffix

1. used to form the plural of some nouns; usually triggering umlaut of the root vowel in masculines and feminines, but not in neuters
   - Baum (“tree”) + -e → Bäume (“trees”)
2. used to form the dative of strong masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable
   - das Haus (“house”) → dem Hause (usually: dem Haus)
3. used to form various declined adjective forms, notably the nominative/accusative feminine singular
   - schön → die schöne Frau
4. used to form the 1st person singular present indicative (and subjunctive) of a verb
   - gehen (geh- + -en) → ich gehe (colloquial or poetic: ich geh)
5. used to form the 3rd person singular present subjunctive of a verb
   - gehen → er gehe
6. used to form the 1st and 3rd person singular past subjunctive of a verb
   - ging → ich ginge, er ginge

## Suffix

1. derives demonyms from names of regions and countries
   - Schweden (“Sweden”) + -e → Schwede (“Swede”)
2. -ist; derives personal nouns from terms for scientific fields of Greek origin
   - Ornithologie (“ornithology”) + -e → Ornithologe (“ornithologist”)
3. derives alternative forms of certain personal nouns, particularly of weak loanwords
   - Katholik + -e → Katholike
4. directly derives loanwords of personal nouns
   - Dutch matroos + -e → Matrose

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Sources: Meanings and forms from Wiktionary (CC BY-SA 4.0); example sentences from Tatoeba (CC BY 2.0 FR).
URL: https://wordwide.space/de-en/wort/-e